A yayin da duniya ke shiga kasuwar hadaka ta duniya, shayi, kamar kofi, koko da sauran abubuwan sha, ya samu yabo sosai daga kasashen yammacin duniya, kuma ya zama babban abin sha a duniya.
Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kula da shayi ta duniya ta fitar a shekarar 2017, yankin da ake noman shayi a duniya ya kai hekta miliyan 4.89, yawan shayin ya kai tan miliyan 5.812, sannan yawan shan shayin a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 5.571.Sabanin da ke tsakanin samar da shayi da sayar da shayi a duniya har yanzu ya shahara.Girman shayi na duniya ya samo asali ne daga China da Indiya.Kasar Sin ta zama kasa mafi girma wajen samar da shayi a duniya.Don haka, warwarewa da yin nazari kan yadda ake samar da shayi a duniya, da yadda ake yin ciniki a duniya, da fahimtar halin da ake ciki a masana'antar shayi ta duniya a fili, yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen sa ido ga bunkasuwar bunkasuwa da yanayin cinikayya na masana'antar shayi ta kasar Sin, da ba da jagoranci wajen samar da abinci. gyare-gyare na gefe, da inganta gasar shayin Sinawa a duniya.
★Yawan cinikin shayi ya ragu
Bisa kididdigar da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar, a wannan mataki akwai kasashe masu noman shayi guda 49, kuma kasashen da ke shan shayi sun mamaye kasashe da yankuna 205 na nahiyoyi biyar.Daga shekara ta 2000 zuwa 2016, jimillar cinikin shayin duniya ya nuna bunkasuwar tattalin arziki sannan kuma ta koma kasa.Jimlar cinikin shayi a duniya ya karu daga tan miliyan 2.807 a shekarar 2000 zuwa tan miliyan 3.4423 a shekarar 2016, wanda ya karu da kashi 22.61%.Daga cikin su, shigo da kayayyaki ya karu daga tan 1,343,200 a shekarar 2000 zuwa tan 1,741,300 a shekarar 2016, karuwar da kashi 29.64;fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ya karu daga ton 1,464,300 a shekarar 2000 zuwa tan 1,701,100 a shekarar 2016, karuwar da kashi 16.17%.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan cinikin shayi a duniya ya fara nuna koma baya.Jimlar cinikin shayi a shekarar 2016 ya ragu da ton 163,000 idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2015, raguwar kowace shekara da kashi 4.52%.Daga cikin su, yawan shigo da kayayyaki ya ragu da ton 114,500 idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin da aka yi a shekarar 2015, an samu raguwar kashi 6.17 cikin dari a duk shekara, sannan adadin fitar da kayayyaki ya ragu da ton 41,100 idan aka kwatanta da daidai lokacin na shekarar 2015, shekara mai zuwa. ya canza zuwa +2.77%.Rata tsakanin ƙarar shigo da kaya da ƙarar fitarwa yana ci gaba da raguwa.
★An canza yadda ake raba cinikin shayi tsakanin nahiyoyi
Tare da sauye-sauyen shan shayi da samar da shi, yawan cinikin shayi tsakanin nahiyoyi ya bunkasa yadda ya kamata.A shekara ta 2000, yawan shayin da ake fitarwa a Asiya ya kai kashi 66 cikin 100 na abin da ake fitar da shayi a duniya, wanda ya sa ya zama wuri mafi muhimmanci wajen fitar da shayi a duniya, sai Afirka da kashi 24%, Turai da kashi 5%, Amurka da kashi 4%, sai Oceania. 1%.Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, fitar da shayin Asiya zuwa ketare a matsayin kaso na abin da ake fitarwa a duniya ya ragu da kashi 4 cikin dari zuwa kashi 62%.Afirka, Turai da Amurka duk sun ƙaru kaɗan, sun tashi zuwa kashi 25%, 7%, da 6% bi da bi.Yawan shayin da Oceania ke fitarwa a duniya ya kusan yi kasala, inda ya ragu zuwa tan miliyan 0.25.Za a iya gano cewa Asiya da Afirka sune manyan nahiyoyin da ake fitar da shayi zuwa kasashen waje.
Daga 2000 zuwa 2016, fitar da shayi na Asiya ya kai fiye da 50% na fitar da shayi a duniya.Duk da cewa adadin ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, har yanzu ita ce mafi girma a cikin nahiyar da ke fitar da shayi;Afirka ita ce nahiya ta biyu mafi girma wajen fitar da shayi.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shayi The rabo na fitarwa ya tashi kadan.
Ta fuskar shigo da shayi daga dukkan nahiyoyi, kayayyakin da Asiya ta shigo da su a farkon karni na 20 ya kai kusan kashi 3%.A shekara ta 2000, ya kai kashi 36%.A cikin 2016, ya karu zuwa 45%, ya zama babban tushen shigo da shayi a duniya;Turai a farkon karni na 19, kayayyakin da kasar Sin ta shigo da su ta kai kashi 64% na kayayyakin shayin da ake shigowa da su duniya, wanda ya fadi zuwa kashi 36 cikin 100 a shekarar 2000, wanda ya yi daidai da Asiya, ya kuma ragu zuwa kashi 30% a shekarar 2016;Kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su Afrika sun ragu kadan daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2016, daga kashi 17% zuwa 14%;Shigo da shayin Amurka ya kai kaso na duniya a zahiri bai canza ba, har yanzu kusan kashi 10%.Abubuwan da ake shigo da su daga Oceania sun karu daga 2000 zuwa 2016, amma rabonsa a duniya ya ragu kadan.Ana iya gano cewa Asiya da Turai sune manyan nahiyoyin shigo da shayi a duniya, kuma yanayin shigo da shayi a Turai da Asiya yana nuna yanayin "raguwa da karuwa".Asiya ta zarce Turai ta zama nahiya mafi girma da ake shigo da shayi.
★Kasuwar da ake shigowa da ita da fitar da shayin ta ta'allaka ne
Manyan kasashe biyar da suka fi fitar da shayi a shekarar 2016 sun hada da Sin, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Indiya da Argentina, wadanda kayayyakin da suke fitarwa ya kai kashi 72.03% na adadin shayin da ake fitarwa a duniya.Manyan masu fitar da shayin da suka fi fitar da shayin ya kai kashi 85.20% na adadin shayin da ake fitarwa a duniya.Za a iya gano cewa kasashe masu tasowa ne kan gaba wajen fitar da shayi.Kasashe goman da suka fi fitar da shayi duk kasashe ne masu tasowa, wadanda suka yi daidai da dokar cinikayyar duniya, wato kasashe masu tasowa sun mamaye kasuwar danyen mai maras daraja.Sri Lanka, Indiya, Indonesiya, Tanzaniya da sauran ƙasashe sun ga raguwar fitar da shayi.Daga cikin su, kayayyakin da Indonesia ke fitarwa sun ragu da kashi 17.12%, Sri Lanka, Indiya, da Tanzaniya sun fadi da kashi 5.91%, 1.96%, da 10.24%, bi da bi.
Daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2016, cinikin shayi na kasar Sin ya ci gaba da habaka, kuma bunkasuwar cinikin shayin da ake samu ya zarta yadda ake sayar da shayi a daidai wannan lokacin.Musamman bayan shiga kungiyar WTO, an samar da damammaki da dama ga cinikin shayi na kasar Sin.A shekarar 2015, kasar Sin ta zama kasar da ta fi fitar da shayi a karon farko.A shekarar 2016, fitar da shayin kasarmu ya karu da kasashe da yankuna 130, musamman fitar da shayin shayin.Kasuwannin fitar da kayayyaki kuma sun fi mayar da hankali ne a Yamma, Arewa, Afirka, Asiya da sauran ƙasashe da yankuna, musamman Maroko, Japan, Uzbekistan, Amurka, Rasha, Hong Kong, Senegal, Ghana, Mauritani, da dai sauransu.
Kasashe biyar da suka fi shigo da shayi a shekarar 2016 su ne Pakistan, Rasha, Amurka, Birtaniya da kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.Kayayyakin da suke shigo da su ya kai kashi 39.38% na jimillar shayin da ake shigowa da su a duniya, sannan kasashe goma da suka fi shigo da shayin sun kai kashi 57.48%.Kasashe masu tasowa ne suka fi yawa a cikin kasashe goma da ke kan gaba wajen shigo da shayi, lamarin da ya nuna cewa a ci gaba da bunkasar tattalin arziki, shan shayin a kasashe masu tasowa ma na karuwa sannu a hankali.Kasar Rasha ita ce kasar da ta fi yawan masu shan shayi da shigo da ita a duniya.Kashi 95% na mazaunanta na da dabi'ar shan shayi.Ita ce kasa mafi girma wajen shigo da shayi a duniya tun shekara ta 2000. Pakistan ta yi girma cikin sauri a shan shayi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.A shekarar 2016, ta zarce Rasha inda ta zama babbar shayi a duniya.shigo da kasar.
Kasashen da suka ci gaba, Amurka, Birtaniya, da Jamus su ma manyan masu shigo da shayi ne.Amurka da Birtaniya na daya daga cikin manyan masu shigo da shayi a duniya, inda suke shigo da shayi daga kusan dukkanin kasashen da suke samar da shayi a duniya.A shekarar 2014, Amurka ta zarce Birtaniya a karon farko, inda ta zama kasa ta uku a duniya wajen shigo da shayi bayan Rasha da Pakistan.A shekarar 2016, yawan shayin da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi ya kai kashi 3.64 bisa dari na jimillar shayin da ake shigowa da ita a duniya.Akwai kasashe 46 masu shigo da kaya (yankuna).Babban abokan cinikin shigo da kayayyaki sune Sri Lanka, Taiwan, da Indiya.Mutanen uku tare sun kai kusan kashi 80% na jimillar shayin da kasar Sin ke shigo da su daga waje.A sa'i daya kuma, shayin da kasar Sin ke shigo da shi ya yi kasa sosai fiye da shayin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje.A shekarar 2016, yawan shan shayin da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi ya kai kashi 18.81% na kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen ketare, lamarin da ya nuna cewa shayi na daya daga cikin manyan kayayyakin amfanin gona da shayin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa ke samun kudin waje.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 17-2021
